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Windows Small Business Server 2011 : Distributed File System (part 3) - Changing Advanced Settings, Using DFS Replication

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12/15/2012 5:43:15 PM

12. Changing Advanced Settings

The default settings for DFS Management are appropriate for most installations, but if you need to change advanced namespace settings such as the referral order, change how namespace servers poll domain controllers for DFS metadata, or delegate DFS Management permissions, use the information in the following sections.

12.1. Changing Namespace Referral Settings

To change the cache duration, the order in which domain controllers or namespace servers refer clients to namespace servers and folder targets, or the failback settings for an entire namespace, right-click a namespace root or folder, choose Properties, and click the Referrals tab. (See Figure 6.)

Figure 6. The Referrals tab of a namespace Properties dialog box


Use the following list to complete the process:

  • In the Cache Duration box, specify how long clients should cache referrals before polling the domain controller or namespace server for a new referral.

  • In the Ordering Method drop-down box, choose how domain controllers and namespace servers should refer clients to folder targets and namespace servers.

  • Select the Clients Fail Back To Preferred Targets option to force a client to switch back to using its preferred server when it comes back online.

The preferred server is based on site and any custom referral ordering settings you specify on folder targets. This setting is supported by clients running Windows XP with Service Pack 2 (SP2) and the post-SP2 Windows XP client failback hotfix, Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 and the Windows Server 2003 client failback hotfix, and Windows Server 2003 R2. See Knowledge Base article 898900 at http://support.microsoft.com/kb/898900for information on how to obtain this hotfix.

12.2. Overriding Referral Settings on Individual Folders

DFS folders inherit referral settings from the namespace root unless you specifically override them. To override the referral settings for a folder, right-click the appropriate folder, choose Properties, click the Referrals tab, and then specify the settings you want to override.

To explicitly set a single folder target as the preferred target or set the folder target as a target of last resort, right-click the folder target, choose Properties, click the Advanced tab, select the Override Referral Ordering check box, and then specify the priority for the target folder.

12.3. Delegating Management Permissions

DFS Management sets the permissions on the namespace object in Active Directory or in the registry of the namespace server (when using a stand-alone namespace). To change the ability of users to perform common management tasks, use the following list:

  • Create and manage namespaces To view, add, or remove groups that can manage namespaces, right-click the Namespaces node, choose Delegate Management Permissions, and then use the Delegate Management Permissions dialog box.

  • Manage individual namespaces and replication groups To view groups that can manage a namespace or replication group, select the namespace or replication group, and then click the Delegation tab. To remove management permissions for a group, right-click the group and choose Remove. To give management permissions for the namespace to a group, right-click the namespace, choose Delegate Management Permission, type the name of the group in the Select Users Or Groups dialog box, and then click OK.

  • Create and manage replication groups To view, add, or remove groups that can manage replication, right-click the Replication node, choose Delegate Management Permissions, and then use the Delegate Management Permissions dialog box.

12.4. Changing Namespace Polling Settings

To change how namespace servers poll domain controllers for the latest namespace metadata in a domain-based namespace, right-click the appropriate namespace, choose Properties, click the Advanced tab, and then choose one of the following polling methods:

  • Optimize For Consistency Polls the primary domain controller (PDC) emulator for new namespace polls data every hour and after each change to the namespace. Use this setting when the network contains 16 or fewer namespace servers to minimize the time it takes to propagate namespace changes to all namespace servers. This is the default setting.

  • Optimize For Scalability Polls the nearest domain controller every hour for changes to the namespace. Use this setting when the network contains more than 16 namespace servers to reduce the load on the PDC emulator. However, choosing this setting increases the amount of time it takes to propagate namespace changes to all namespace servers. Servers running Windows 2000 Server do not support this setting and continue to use the Optimize For Consistency polling method.

To enable the Optimize For Scalability polling method from a command prompt, use the Dfsutil /Rootscalability command. For example, open the Command Prompt window, change to the directory in which you placed the Dfsutil.exe file, and then type Dfsutil /Root:Example.local\Public /Rootscalability /Enable.

13. Backing Up and Restoring the DFS Folder Targets

The DFS Namespaces database for domain-based DFS is stored in Active Directory, and you can back it up and restore it using Active Directory–aware backup methods. To back up the listing of folder targets for a stand-alone namespace root, type the following text at a command prompt (replacing ServerName and Namespace with the name of the appropriate server name and namespace root):

DFScmd /View \\ServerName\Namespace /Batch >DFS_backup.bat

To restore this DFS structure, re-create the DFS namespace and then run the batch file you created.


Note:

In addition to backing up the DFS topology, back up the contents of the actual file shares routinely. Always test the backup before relying on it. You can use the Dfsradmin Replicationgroup command to export DFS Replication settings such as replication group members and connections.


14. Using DFS Replication

An easy-to-use, fault-tolerant, and high-performance file system is not worth much if the data you want to access is unavailable or out of date. To ensure that files are available to users even if a server goes down, create additional folder targets and use DFS Replication to keep the folder targets in sync. You can also use DFS Replication to synchronize folders that are not part of a DFS namespace—for example, to replicate data from a branch office to a server in the main office that you back up regularly and reliably.

14.1. Creating a Replication Group

A replication group is defined as two or more servers that participate in replication. Replication groups define the replication topology used by members for replication. To create a replication group, follow these steps:

  1. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DFS Management.

  2. In the console tree, right-click the Replication node, and then click New Replication Group.

  3. Follow the instructions in the New Replication Group Wizard.

Conflict Resolution During the Initial Replication

If other members of the replication group have data in the replicated folders, Windows takes the following actions during the initial replication:

  • If an identical file already exists on the target server (any server other than the primary member), the primary member does not replicate the file.

  • If a file already exists on a target server but the file is not identical to the version on the primary member, Windows moves the file on the target server to the local conflict folder and then replicates the primary member’s version of the file, even if this file is older than the version on the target server.

  • If a file exists on a target server that is not present on the primary member, Windows does not replicate it during the initial replication but does replicate it during subsequent replications to other members, including the primary member.

After the initial replication, the primary member role goes away and replication is multiple-master-based. Do not delete, rename, or move files on the primary member or any member that has already replicated until the first replication is complete. (Look for Event 4104 in the DFS Replication log.) Deleting, renaming, or moving files before the first replication is complete can cause the files to reappear if they existed on a target that had not yet replicated.


14.2. Replicating a DFS Folder

To create a replicated folder in a new replication group that replicates a DFS folder, use the following steps:

  1. Right-click the appropriate folder under the Namespaces node of DFS Management, and choose Replicate Folder. The Replicate Folder Wizard appears.

  2. On the Replication Group And Replicated Folder Name page, confirm the name for the replication group and for the replicated folder. (The name for the replication group must be unique on the domain. To add to an existing replication group, use the instructions in the following sections.)

  3. On the Replication Eligibility page, review the target folders that will be replicated. Click Next.

  4. On the Primary Member page, select the server that holds the data that you want to use as the seed for the initial replication.

  5. On the Topology Selection page, select one of the following replication topologies:

    • Hub And Spoke Spoke servers replicate with one or two central hub servers. Hub servers replicate with all other hub servers by using the full-mesh topology, as well as with designated spoke servers. Choose this topology in large network environments and environments with multiple branch offices. This topology requires a minimum of three members.

    • Full Mesh All servers replicate with all other servers. Choose this topology when there are fewer than 10 servers in the replication group and all links have low enough costs (performance or monetary) to allow each server to replicate with every other server instead of a central hub server.

    • No Topology This option does not specify a topology and postpones replication until you specify a replication topology manually. To specify a replication topology after creating the replication group, right-click the replication group in the DFS Management snap-in and then choose New Topology.

  6. On the Hub Members page that appears if you chose the Hub And Spoke topology, specify the hub servers.

  7. On the Hub And Spoke Connections page that appears if you chose the Hub And Spoke topology, verify that the wizard lists the proper spoke servers. To change the required hub server with which a spoke member replicates preferentially, or the optional hub member with which a spoke member replicates if the required hub member is unavailable, select the spoke server, click Edit, and then specify the required hub and the optional hub.

  8. On the Replication Group Schedule And Bandwidth page, choose when to replicate and the maximum amount of bandwidth you want DFS Replication to use.

  9. To create a custom schedule, choose Replicate During The Specified Days And Times and then click Edit Schedule. You can create a custom schedule that uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or the local time of the receiving server.

  10. On the Review Settings And Create Replication Group page, review the settings and then click Create. Review any errors and then click Close. Windows then replicates topology and replication settings to all domain controllers. A replication group member polls its nearest domain controller regularly. (By default, replication group members perform a lightweight poll every five minutes for Subscription objects under the local computer container and a full poll every hour.) It receives the settings after Windows updates the domain controller. To change the replication polling interval, use the Dfsrdiag command.

14.3. Creating a Branch Office Replication Group

To create a replication group that replicates a single branch server with a single hub server, use the following steps:

  1. In the DFS Management snap-in, right-click Replication and choose New Replication Group. The New Replication Group Wizard appears.


    Note:

    Creating replicated folders within an existing replication group is faster than creating a new replication group for each replicated folder because the replication group automatically applies its schedule, topology, and bandwidth-throttling settings to the new replicated folder.


  2. On the Replication Group Type page, choose Replication Group For Data Collection.

  3. On the Name And Domain page, type a name for the replication group that is unique on the domain, specify in which domain to host the replication group, and optionally type a description of the replication group.

  4. On the Branch Server page, type the name of the branch server that holds the data that you want to replicate with the hub server.

  5. On the Replicated Folders page, click Add, and then use the Add Folder To Replicate dialog box to specify the local folder on the branch server to replicate with the hub server. Click OK when you are finished.

  6. On the Hub Server page that appears if you chose Replication Group For Data Collection on the Replication Group Type page, type the name of the hub server that serves as a replication target for the replicated folders.

  7. On the Target Folder On Hub Server page, specify the local folder on the hub server in which you want to place replicated data from the branch server. This folder is usually located in a folder or volume that you back up regularly.

  8. On the Replication Group Schedule And Bandwidth page, choose when to replicate and the maximum amount of bandwidth you want to allow DFS Replication to use. To create a custom schedule, choose Replicate During The Specified Days And Times and then click Edit Schedule. You can create a custom schedule that uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or the local time of the receiving server.

  9. On the Review Settings And Create Replication Group page, review the settings and then click Create. Review for errors and then click Close.

Windows then replicates the topology and replication settings to all domain controllers. A replication group member polls its nearest domain controller regularly. (By default, replication group members perform a lightweight poll every five minutes for Subscription objects under the local computer container and a full poll every hour.) It receives the settings after Windows updates the domain controller. To change the replication polling interval, use the Dfsrdiag command.

14.4. Creating a Multipurpose Replication Group

To create a replication group that replicates any number of servers with any number of other servers, use the following steps:

  1. In the DFS Management snap-in, right-click Replication and choose New Replication Group. The New Replication Group Wizard starts.

  2. On the Replication Group Type page, choose Multipurpose Replication Group.

  3. On the Name And Domain page, type a name for the replication group that is unique on the domain, specify in which domain to host the replication group, and optionally type a description of the replication group.

  4. On the Replication Group Members page, add the servers on which you want to replicate content.

  5. On the Topology Selection page, choose a replication technology.

  6. On the Hub Members page that appears if you chose the Hub And Spoke topology, specify the hub servers.

  7. On the Hub And Spoke Connections page that appears if you chose the Hub And Spoke topology, verify that the wizard lists the proper spoke servers. To change the required hub server with which a spoke member replicates preferentially, or the optional hub member with which a spoke member replicates if the required hub member is unavailable, select the spoke server, click Edit, and then specify the required hub and the optional hub.

  8. On the Replication Group Schedule And Bandwidth page, choose when to replicate and the maximum amount of bandwidth you want to allow DFS Replication to use. To create a custom schedule, choose Replicate During The Specified Days And Times and then click Edit Schedule. You can create a custom schedule that uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or the local time of the receiving server.

  9. On the Primary Member page, select the server that holds the data that you want to use as the seed for the initial replication.

  10. On the Folders To Replicate page, click Add, and then use the Add Folder To Replicate dialog box to specify the folder to replicate. Click OK when you are finished.

  11. On the Local Path Of Folder On Other Members page, select a replication member that you want to participate in the replication of the specified folder, click Edit, and then use the Edit Local Path dialog box to enable replication and specify the local folder on the target server in which to place replicated data from the hub server. Repeat this step for every replicated folder you specify in the Replicated Folders page.

  12. On the Review Settings And Create Replication Group page, review the settings and then click Create. Review any errors and then click Close.

Windows then replicates the topology and replication settings to all domain controllers. A replication group member polls its nearest domain controller regularly. (By default, replication group members perform a lightweight poll every five minutes for Subscription objects under the local computer container and a full poll every hour.) It receives the settings after Windows updates the domain controller. To change the replication polling interval, use the Dfsrdiag command.

14.5. Managing Replication Groups

Select a replication group, and then use the Memberships, Connections, Replicated Folders, and Delegation tabs of the DFS Management console to manage the replication group, as discussed in the following list.


Note:

Click a column heading to change how Windows groups items in the view. To add or remove columns, right-click the column heading and choose Add/Remove Columns.


Use the following options on the Memberships tab to view and manage the member servers for each replicated folder:

  • To disable a member of the replication group, right-click the member and then choose Disable. Disable members that do not need to replicate a specific replicated folder. Do not disable members temporarily and then enable them—doing so causes roughly one kilobyte of replication traffic per file in the replicated folder and overwrites all changes on the disabled member. 

  • To delete a member of the replication group, right-click it and then choose Delete.

  • To add a member server that participates in replication, right-click the replication group in the DFS Management console, choose New Member, and then use the New Member Wizard to specify the local path of the replicated folders, connections, and schedule.

  • To change the size of the conflict or staging folders or to disable the retention of deleted files, right-click the member, choose Properties, click the Advanced tab, and then use the Quota boxes. The conflict folder stores the “losing” files that Windows deletes when it encounters two versions of the same file during replication as well as the most recently deleted files in the replicated folder, and the staging folder queues replication data.


    Note:

    The default size of the staging folder is 4096 MB, but by increasing the size of the staging folder, you can increase the performance of replication group members that replicate with a large number of replication partners or that contain large files that change often. Look for event ID 4208 in the DFS Replication event log; if this event appears multiple times in an hour, increase the staging folder size 20 percent until the event no longer appears frequently.


  • To create a report showing the replication health as well as RDC efficiency, right-click the replication group, choose Create Diagnostic Report, and then use the Diagnostic Report Wizard to create the report.

  • To verify the replication topology, right-click the replication group and then choose Verify Topology.

  • On the Connections tab, view and manage all replication connections. To add a new replication connection between two members of a replication group, right-click the replication group and choose New Connection. Then use the New Connection dialog box to specify the sending member, the receiving member, the schedule, and whether to create a one-way replication connection or a two-way connection.

  • Use the following options on the Replicated Folders tab to view and manage all replicated folders:

    • To add a new replicated folder to the replication group, right-click the replication group in the DFS Management console, choose New Replicated Folder, and then use the New Replicated Folder Wizard to specify the primary member and the local folders to replicate.

    • To omit certain file types or subfolders from replication, click the Replicated Folders tab, right-click the replicated folder, choose Properties, and then use the File Filter and Subfolder Filter boxes on the General tab.

    • To share a replicated folder on the network and optionally add the folder to a DFS namespace, right-click the replicated folder, choose Share And Publish In Namespace, and then use the Share Or Publish Replicated Folder Wizard.


    Note:

    RDC increases processor utilization on the server, so you might want to disable it on servers with slow processors or high-speed links, and in environments that replicate only new content or files smaller than 64 KB. To disable RDC on a connection, click the Connections tab, right-click the member, choose Properties, and then clear the Use Remote Differential Compression (RDC) check box. You can also change the minimum file size that RDC engages from the 64 KB default size by using the Dfsradmin ConnectionSet command. Monitor RDC statistics and CPU utilization before and after disabling RDC to verify that you reduce processor utilization enough to warrant the increased network traffic.

Note:

To change the replication polling interval, which controls how often a server checks for updated files, use the Dfsrdiag command.

 
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